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ASP.NET CORE基础教程_基础应用_

2023-05-24 372人已围观

简介 ASP.NET CORE基础教程_基础应用_

第一课 基本概念

  • 基本概念
    • Asp.Net Core Mvc是.NET Core平台下的一种Web应用开发框架
      • 符合Web应用特点
      • .NET Core跨平台解决方案
      • MVC设计模式的一种实现
  • 环境准备

第二课 控制器的介绍

  • 控制器定义方式:
    • 命名以Controller结尾
    • 使用ControllerAttribute标注
 public class TestController : Controller { } [Controller] public class Test : Controller { }
  • 默认路由规则

    • 域名/控制器类/方法
    • {Domain}/{Controller}/{Action}
  • 数据形式

    • QueryString: ?name=zhangsan&age=22
    • Form
    • Cookie
    • Session
    • Header
  • HttpRequest

    • HttpRequest 是用户请求对象
    • 提供获取请求数据的属性
      • Cookies,Headers,Query,QueryString,Form
 public IActionResult Hello() { // Query var name = Request.Query["name"]; // QueryString var query = Request.QueryString.Value; // Form var username = Request.Form["username"]; // Cookies var cookie = Request.Cookies["item"]; // Headers var headers = Request.Headers["salt"]; return Content("Hello"); }
  • HttpContext
    • HttpContext是用户请求上下文
    • 提供Session属性获取Session对象
      • Session.Set 设置
      • Session.Remove 移除
      • Session.TryGetValue 获取数据
 public IActionResult Hello() { // byte[] HttpContext.Session.Set("byte", new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }); var bytes = HttpContext.Session.Get("byte"); // string HttpContext.Session.SetString("name", "tom"); var name = HttpContext.Session.GetString("name"); // int HttpContext.Session.SetInt32("id", 20); var id = HttpContext.Session.GetInt32("id"); HttpContext.Session.Remove("name"); HttpContext.Session.Clear(); return Content("Hello"); }
  • 数据绑定
    • 把用户请求的数据绑定到控制器方法的参数上
    • 支持简单类型与自定义类型
    • 绑定规则是请求数据名称与参数名称一致
      • 如查询字符串key名称跟参数一致
      • Form表单名称跟参数一致
 public IActionResult Hello(RequestModel request,int? age) { // 查询字符串 var test = Request.Query["test"]; // 简单类型 var userAge = age; // 自定义类型 var name = request.Name; return Content("Hello"); } public class RequestModel { public string Name { get; set; } }
  • 内容补充
    • 如果以Controller结尾的都是控制器,那如果程序里面由一些业务命名的时候也是以Controller结尾,怎么办?
    • NonControllerAttribute
 ///  /// 拍卖师控制类 ///  [NonController] public class AuctionController { }
  • 常用特性
特性数据源
FromHeaderAttribute请求头数据
FromRouteAttribute路由数据
FromBodyAttribute请求体
FromFormAttribute表单数据
FromQueryAttribute查询字符串
FromServicesAttribute服务注册
 public IActionResult Say( [FromForm]string name, [FromQuery]int age, [FromHeader] string salt, [FromBody] string content ) { return View(); }
  • 特性参数

    • 通过特性修饰参数来影响绑定逻辑
    • 灵活扩展
  • IActionResult

    • 动作结果接口
    • 具体实现
      • JsonResult:返回JSON结构数据
      • RedirectResult:跳转到新地址
      • FileResult:返回文件
      • ViewResult:返回视图内容
      • ContentResult:文本内容

第三课 视图与表单

  • 数据传递
    • ViewData
    • ViewBag
    • tempData
    • Model
    • Session
    • Cache
ViewDataViewBag
键值对动态类型
索引器ViewData的封装
支持任意类型动态属性
TempDataCacheSession
视图级别应用程序级别会话级别
只允许消费一次服务器端保存服务器端保存
可多次赋值可设置有效期键值对形式
键值对形式键值对形式 
  • Cache
    • 与.NET Framework时代不同,一种全新实现
    • IMemoryCache接口
    • 依赖注入方式获取
    • IMemoryCache.Get/Set操作数据
 [Controller] public class Test : Controller { private readonly IMemoryCache _cache; public Test(IMemoryCache memoryCache) { this._cache = memoryCache; } public IActionResult ReadCache() { _cache.Set("name","tom"); _cache.Get("name"); _cache.Set("age",30); _cache.Get("age"); User tom = new User(){ Name = "admin",Pwd = "123456"}; _cache.Set("user",tom); _cache.Get("user"); return Content("ok"); } } public class User { public string Name { get; set; } public string Pwd { get; set; } }
  • ViewStart
    • 以_ViewStart.cshtml命名,固定名称,不能更换
    • 一般放在视图所在目录的根目录下
    • 自动执行,无需手工调用
    • 不要再ViewStart中做大量的业务操作
  • ViewImport
    • 以_ViewImport.cshtml命名,固定名称,不能更换
    • 只作引入操作
    • 一般放在视图所在目录的根目录下
    • 自动执行,无需手工调用
    • 视图中可以使用@using关键字引入所需命名空间
    • 通过ViewImport做全局性的命名空间引入,减少在每个页面中引入的工作量

第四课 数据验证

  • 数据验证特性ValidationAttribute
 public abstract class ValidationAttribute : Attribute { /// Initializes a new instance of the  class. protected ValidationAttribute(); /// Initializes a new instance of the  class by using the function that enables access to validation resources. /// The function that enables access to validation resources. /// errorMessageAccessor is null. protected ValidationAttribute(Func errorMessageAccessor); /// Initializes a new instance of the  class by using the error message to associate with a validation control. /// The error message to associate with a validation control. protected ValidationAttribute(string errorMessage); /// Gets or sets an error message to associate with a validation control if validation fails. /// The error message that is associated with the validation control. public string ErrorMessage { get; set; } /// Gets or sets the error message resource name to use in order to look up the  property value if validation fails. /// The error message resource that is associated with a validation control. public string ErrorMessageResourceName { get; set; } /// Gets or sets the resource type to use for error-message lookup if validation fails. /// The type of error message that is associated with a validation control. public Type ErrorMessageResourceType { get; set; } /// Gets the localized validation error message. /// The localized validation error message. protected string ErrorMessageString { get; } /// Gets a value that indicates whether the attribute requires validation context. /// true if the attribute requires validation context; otherwise, false. public virtual bool RequiresValidationContext { get; } /// Applies formatting to an error message, based on the data field where the error occurred. /// The name to include in the formatted message. /// An instance of the formatted error message. public virtual string FormatErrorMessage(string name); /// Checks whether the specified value is valid with respect to the current validation attribute. /// The value to validate. /// The context information about the validation operation. /// An instance of the  class. public ValidationResult GetValidationResult( object value, ValidationContext validationContext); /// Determines whether the specified value of the object is valid. /// The value of the object to validate. /// true if the specified value is valid; otherwise, false. public virtual bool IsValid(object value); /// Validates the specified value with respect to the current validation attribute. /// The value to validate. /// The context information about the validation operation. /// An instance of the  class. protected virtual Vali
                
                

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